NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021
SECTOR: MEDIA AND FILM MAKING
TRADE: MULTIMEDIA
RTQF LEVEL: IV
MODULE CODE AND
TITLE: MMDEI401EDITING DIGITAL IMAGES
DURATION: 3HOURS
INSTRUCTION TO
CANDIDATES:
The
examination comprises three (3) sections:
ü Section
A: All questions
are compulsory (55
Marks)
ü Section
B:
Ø This section is composed by three (3)
compulsory questions
Ø Scoring is out of 30 marks being 10 Marks
for each question
ü
Section C:
Ø
In this
section is composed by one (1)compulsory question
Ø
Scoring is
out of 15 Marks
ü
Plot a line
after each question in order to separate your answers
SECTION ONE: Answer all questions in Section A 55Marks
1. Define
the following terms:
a)
Color
correction: is a process used in stage lighting,
photography, television, cinematography, and other disciplines, which uses
color gels, or filters, to alter the overall color of the light.
b)
Image
file compression: is a data compression method in which
the logical size of a file is reduced to save disk space for easier and faster
transmission over a network or the Internet.
c)
Image
file format: is a standard way that
information is encoded for storage in a computer file.
d)
Image
resolution: is the detail that an image holds. .
The term applies to raster digital images, film images, and other types of
images. Higher resolution means more image detail. Image resolution can be
measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each
other and still be visibly resolved.
e)
White
balancing: is the process of removing unrealistic color
casts, so that objects which appear white in person are
rendered white in your photo.
2. a) What is Adobe Photoshop?
Adobe Photoshop is software
developed by Adobe to create and edit images and logos. By adobe photoshop
adjustment and modification can be done.
b) What is a Gradient in Adobe
Photoshop?
Gradients are a great way to
introduce eye-catching and flashy graphics in your pages.
3.
What
is resizing images and what are the parameters to change the size of the
picture?
Resizing
image: is the modification of the images
size either width or height
The
parameters to change the size of image are:
·
Type of image or picture
·
Size of pixels
·
Background resolution
4.
How
do you organize layers in Photoshop?
A layer shows a
picture or image. To organize layers in Photoshop, place various images in
separate layers. Lock the unused layers and unlock the layers which are in use.
When two or more layers need to be changed, unlock the layers.
5. a) what is a digital image
A digital image is a representation of
a real image as a set of numbers that can be stored and handled by a digital
computer. Digital images are made of picture elements called pixels. Typically, pixels are organized in an ordered
rectangular array
b) How can you
capture a digital image?
Ø Saving image from a digital camera
Ø Using print screen
Ø Saving image from website
Ø Using a scanning application and scan an image
6. Match the color tone in column A
with corresponding description in column B by writing the answer in a provided
space
|
Answer |
Column A |
Column B |
|
1…F |
1.
Colour tone |
A.
An image looks more sharp or more
detailed |
|
2…D |
2.
Contrast Sensitivity |
B.
It looks similar to grain found in
film photographs |
|
3…A |
3.
Blurring |
C.
Unwanted changes in photos that result
from the inner workings of your camera. |
|
4…B |
4.
Visual Noise |
D. It measures the ability of visual system to discriminate an object
from its background |
|
5…C |
5.
Artifacts |
E.
Photogrammetry is used for accurate
measurements on remote sensing images and photographs |
|
|
|
F.
It is produced
either by mixing a color with
grey, or by both tinting and shading |
7. What is healing tool?
Healing tool is used
in Photoshop to hide the unwanted spots or pictures that appeared in your
original picture and makes picture look like real without any changes. The tool use complicated algorithm to
calculate what would be the area of your picture based on the surrounding
pixels.
8. How does the Red Eye tool work?
The red eye tool in Photoshop is an easy-to-use
tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct
flash source
9. How you fix the blurry images in
Photoshop?
To fix the blurry images in Photoshop you can use
sharpening tools. Sharpening the image will lose the pixels, make sure you are
finished with everything else and saved the changes before you start sharpening
the image
10. How do you crop an image in Adobe Photoshop?
The process of cropping an
image involves the following steps:
Ø Select any
random part of the image.
Ø From the menu,
select the shape of the cropping tool.
Ø
Hold
the shift key and drag to select the marquee to circle or square.
Ø
Hold
marquee from the center, after selecting and cropping the image, hold down Alt.
11.
Answer by True if you agree with the given statement otherwise by False by
encircling the corresponding letter
- Each Photoshop tool has a corresponding
shortcut key. FALSE
- In a composition, brightness is used to direct
the viewer's eye to a specific area or image. FALSE
- The quality of your printer and paper will
affects the appearance of your output. TRUE
- Using the zoom tool, you can view the areas
you need to focus on in as high or as low of a magnification as you want. TRUE
- You need an internet connection to use
Photoshop help. FALSE
SECTION TWO: Answer three questions in Section B30
Marks
12. a) What do mean by color model?
A color model:
is a system that uses three primary colors to create a larger range of colors.
There are different kinds of color
models used for different purposes, and each has a slightly different range of
colors they can produce. The whole range of colors that a precise type of color
model produces is called a color space.
All color results from how our eye processes light waves, but depending on the
type of media, creating that color comes from different methods.
b) Discuss about 2 basic color models
used in image editing.
Ø The RGB Colour Model
There are two
basic kinds of color models, additive and subtractive.
Let's look at an additive color model first. The most common one is
Red/Green/Blue, usually referred to as RGB. This color model uses
light to create color, and it is used for digital media. When you play a game
on your smart phone or watch an action movie on TV, you are seeing color in an
RGB color space. RGB is called an additive color model because when
the three colors of light are shown in the same concentration at the same time,
they produce white. If all the
lights are out, they create black.
Ø The CMYK Color Model
When printing
color images, you can't use coloured light, and that means images cannot be
printed in RGB. That is where the other color model comes in. A subtractive
color model adds pigment in the form of ink or dye that causes an
absence of white. The most common subtractive color model is Cyan/Magenta/Yellow/Black, usually
referred to as CMYK. It is what printers use, and you will
sometimes also see it called process color because it is used in
the four color printing process. To print a color image on paper, you have to
use ink. Starting with the bright white paper surface, the colours are printed
according to a pattern. The more color is applied, the more the white surface
is masked. That is why it is called subtractive. But why the addition of black
ink, because when all the colours are mixed, they create a muddy brown. To get
rich deep black, you have to use black ink.
It is
frequently suggested that the ‘K’ in CMYK comes from the last letter in ‘black’
and was chosen because B already refers to blue. However, this explanation is
incorrect. The ‘K’ in CMYK stands for ‘key’ since in four-color printing cyan,
magenta, and yellow printing plates are carefully keyed or aligned with the key
of the black key plate. Black is used because the combination of the three
primary colors (CMY) doesn’t produce a fully saturated black. This is evident
in the central black color created by the overlapping circles in the color
chart above.
13. Describe the four (4) types of
digital images Resolution.
Four
of the most important kinds are: spatial, radiometric, spectral, and temporal
resolution.
Spatial resolution
• Spatial resolution is a term that refers to
the number of pixels utilized in construction of a digital image.
• The measure of how closely lines can be
resolved in an image
• Spatial resolution means each pixel
represents a small square of ground
Spectral
Spectral
resolution describes the ability of a sensor to define fine wavelength
intervals. The finer the spectral resolution, the narrower the wavelength
ranges for a particular channel or band. Black and white film records
wavelengths extending over much, or all of the visible portion of the
electromagnetic range.
Radiometric
Radiometric resolution
refers to how much information is in a pixel and is expressed in units of bits.
A single bit of information represents a binary decision of yes or no, with a
mathematical value of 1 or 0.
Radiometric
resolution refers to the dynamic range, or the number of different output
numbers in each band of data, and is determined by the number of bits into
which the recorded radiation is divided. In 8-bit data, the digital numbers
(DN) can range from 0 to 255 for each pixel (28 = 256 total possible numbers).
Obviously more bits results in higher radiometric accuracy of the sensor.
Temporal
Temporal resolution (TR)
refers to the accuracy of a measurement with respect to time.
Movie
cameras and high-speed cameras can resolve/decide events at different points in
time. The time resolution used for movies is usually 24 to 48 frames per second
(frames/s), whereas high-speed cameras may resolve 50 to 300 frames/s, or even
more.
Temporal
resolution refers to the discrete resolution of a measurement with respect to
time.
14. Write
a short notes on the following raster file formats:
A. JPEG (or JPG) - Joint Photographic Experts Group
JPEGs might
be the most common file type you run across on the web, and more than likely
the kind of image that is in your company's MS Word version of its letterhead.
JPEGs are known for their "lossy" compression, meaning that the
quality of the image decreases as the file size decreases.You can use JPEGs for projects on the web, in Microsoft
Office documents, or for projects that require printing at a high resolution
B. PNG - Portable Network Graphics
PNGs are
"lossless," meaning you can edit them and not lose quality, they are
still low resolution.
The reason
PNGs are used in most web projects is that you can save your image with more
colors on a transparent background. This makes for a much sharper, web-quality
image.
C. GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GIFs are most common in their animated form, which are
all the rage on Tumblr pages and in banner ads. GIFs are formed from up to 256
colors in the RGB color space. Due to the limited number of colors, the file
size is drastically reduced.
This is a
common file type for web projects where an image needs to load very quickly, as
opposed to one that needs to retain a higher level of quality.
D. TIFF - Tagged Image File Format
A TIF is a
large raster file that doesn't lose quality. This file type is known for using
"lossless compression," meaning the original image data is maintained
regardless of how often you might copy, re-save, or compress the original file.
Despite TIFF
images' ability to recover their quality after manipulation, you should avoid
using this file type on the web -- it can take forever to load. TIFF files are
also commonly used when saving photographs for print.
E. BMP
The BMP file format (Windows
bitmap) handles graphic files within the Microsoft Windows OS. Typically, BMP
files are uncompressed, and therefore large and lossless; their advantage is
their simple structure and wide acceptance in Windows programs
SECTION THREE: Answer one questions in Section C15Marks
15. As image editor , write step to do the
following:
a. Blemish
remover steps
b. Remove
red eye steps
c. Teeth whitening
steps
A.
Blemish
remover STEPS
1. Select the
Healing Brush tool in the Tools panel.
2. Set the
Diameter of the brush to a size slightly larger than the size of the blemish.
3. Set the
Hardness of the brush to 0%.
4. Hold down the
Alt key and click on an unblemished part of the skin with texture similar to
the area needing repair.
5. Release the
Alt key
6. Place the
mouse pointer over the blemish on the subject’s face and click on it once to
watch it disappear.
7. Repeat steps 3
to 7 to repair any other remaining skin imperfections on the subject’s face.
B. REMOVE RED EYE
STEPS
Simply, Click
on the Spot Healing Brush Tool and go down to the bottom of the menu to select
the red-eye Tool. This Tool works best when set to a 50% pupil Size and a 50%
Darken amount. Click and drag around the eye, and let go
1. Put the image
that you want up in Photoshop. While editing, you want it as large as you can
get it.
2. In the
toolbox, right click on the plaster (Band-Aid). Click on the icon that looks
like an eye and is labeled "Red eye tool".
3. Click the eyes
on your image in order to remove the red eye. You will know when you have done
this successfully because you will notice the eyes are no longer flashy and the
image looks much better.
4. You have now
removed the redeye and you can now do what you want with the image, get it
framed, put it on Facebook, etc. Be sure to downsize it when you are finished.
C. WHITEN TEETH STEPS
Step 1: Select the Lasso Tool
Step 2: Draw a Selection around the
Teeth
Step 3: Add a Hue/Saturation
Adjustment Layer
Step 4: Change the Edit Option to
Yellows
Step 5: Lower the Saturation of the
Yellow Step
6: Change the Edit Mode Back To Master
Step 7: Drag the Lightness Slider to
Brighten the Teeth
Step 8: Select the Brush Tool
Step 9: Set Your Foreground Color to
Black
Step 10: Paint around the Teeth to
Clean Up the Area
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