NATIONAL
TVET COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SCHOOL
YEAR 2020-2021
MARKING
GUIDE
SECTOR:
MEDIA AND FILM MAKING
TRADE: MULTIMEDIA
RTQF
LEVEL: I V
MODULE
CODE AND TITLE: MMDDA401: CREATING 2D DIGITAL ANIMATION
DURATION: 3HOURS
INSTRUCTION
TO CANDIDATES:
The
examination comprises three (3) sections
ü Section
A : all questions are compulsory (55 marks)
ü Section
B
Ø This
section is composed by three (3) compulsory questions
Ø Scoring
is out of 30 marks being 10mrks for each questions
ü Section
C
Ø This
section is composed by two (2) questions choose only one (1)
Ø Scoring
is out of 15 marks
ü Plot
a line after each question.
SECTION
A: ALL QUESTIONS ARE COMPULSORY
Question 1: define the following terms /5mrks
i.
Animation :
Answer:
It is
the process of creating a continuous motion and shape change illusion by means
of a rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from
each other.
ii.
Frame
Answer: A frame is defined by a combination of the image to be displayed
and the time the image is to be displayed.
iii.
Key frame
Answer: A key frame is a single still image
(frame) in an animated
sequence that occurs at an important point in that sequence. Key
frame is always drawn or constructed by the
user.
iv.
Storyboard
Answer: Storyboards are sketches
similar to comic books that follow the action of the script and shows how the
characters will move in every scene.
v.
Illustrations
Answer: It is an artwork that helps make something clear or attractive.
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum/Vocational/2018/Media_XI_821-Animator.pdf
Question 2: circle the best answer /5mrks
1.
––––––––––– refers to content that
uses a combination of different content forms
A.
Animation B. Multimedia C. Editing D. Flash
2.
What is the name of popular software
used for creating 2D animation for use in web pages?
A.
Corel draw B. Flash C. Banner creator D. Maya
3.
What method of animation creates the
in- between frames when you create the start and end point of the animation
A.
Motion B. Classic
C. Shape D. Tweening
4.
The curve that determine the poses of
the character.
A.
Arc in animation B. Multimedia C. Biped D.Spline
5.
In which toolbar is the’’ Array’’
option found?
A.
Modify toolbar B. Extras toolbar C. Motion toolbar D. No one of the above
https://www.gkseries.com/animation-and-editing/questions-and-answers-on-animation-and-editing
Question 3: Give 5 examples of
the uses of animation/5mrks
ü Motion graphics
ü Sprite animations
ü CSS animations
ü JavaScript animations
ü SVG animations
ü WebGL animations
ü UI animations
ü Web-based game animations
ü Animated data visualizations
https://www.superside.com/blog/10-great-examples-of-animation-on-websites
Question 4: Differentiate between Traditional
animation and computer animation. /5mrks
Traditional
animation (also known as hand-drawn animation, cel animation or classical
animation) is an animation technique where all the frames used to create the
illusion of motion are first drawn on paper and, consequently, done by hand.
While
Computer
animation, also called CGI animation, is the technique used by generating
animated images with computer graphics. Computer animation is broken down into
two categories. Computer-assisted animation is when traditional animations are
computerized. On the other hand, computer-generated animation is the one
designed solely on the computer system using animation and 3D graphics software.
https://www.prayananimation.com/blog/difference-between-traditional-and-computer-animation/
Question 5: Outline 5 principles of animation /5mrks
Squash and stretch , Anticipation
,
Staging ,Straight Ahead Action
and Pose to Pose ,Follow Through and Overlapping Action , Slow
In and Slow Out , Arc , Secondary Action ,Timing ,
Exaggeration , Solid drawing , Appeal
http://dl.jalebamooz.com/upload/2014-2015-02-4-TR_baixa.pdf
Question 6: How to prepare a storyboard? /5mrks
Storyboards
are sketches similar to comic books that follow the action of the script and
shows how the characters will move in every scene.
Follow these steps to create your first storyboard:
1.
Make
a shot list. Take a scene from your script and
make a shot list.
2.
Sketch
it out. Whether you’re working on a feature film or a
short animation, choose one of the more complex sequences, and scope out a
vision for the scene.
3.
Fill
in details. Your storyboard has to contain the most
important elements of each scene.
4.
Add
words. Once you’ve created the images, it might help to
add additional words at the bottom of the images to give more contexts about
what’s going on.
Question
7: Give 5 animation software of your choice /5mrks
•
Maya.
•
Photoshop.
•
Adobe
Animate.
•
Moho.
•
Autodesk
motion builder.
•
Blender.
•
GoAnimate.
•
After
Effects
·
Cinema 4D
·
Toon Boom Harmony
·
etc
https://www.renderforest.com/blog/best-animation-software
Question 8: Differentiate vector image from Bitmap
image /5mrks
Answer:
Bitmap (or raster) images are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels.
Each pixel is actually a very small square that is assigned a color, and then
arranged in a pattern to form the image. When you zoom in on a bitmap image you
can see the individual pixels that make up that image. Bitmap graphics can be
edited by erasing or changing the color of individual pixels using a program
such as Adobe Photoshop. While
Vector images are not based on pixel patterns, but
instead use mathematical formulas to draw lines and curves that can be combined
to create an image from geometric objects such as circles and polygons. Vector
images are edited by manipulating the lines and curves that make up the image
using a program such as Adobe Illustrator.
Vector images have some important advantages over
bitmap images. Vector images tend to be smaller than bitmap images. That’s
because a bitmap image has to store color information for each individual pixel
that forms the image. A vector image just has to store the mathematical
formulas that make up the image, which take up less space.
https://etc.usf.edu/techease/win/images/what-is-the-difference-between-bitmap-and-vector-images/
Question 9: Give five deliveries Platform where we
can store 2D graphics or Image. /5mrks
• hard drive.
• CD-ROM.
• DVD-ROM.
• flash media.
• "thumb" drive.
• memory stick.
• iPod.
• digital camera
Question 10: Differentiate between
Straight Ahead and Pose-to-Pose /5mrks
Answer:
These are two different ways to animate an action. The straight-ahead technique
means to animate your action from drawing 1 to the end in sequence order. The
pose-to-pose technique is a bit more intricate as it means to draw the key
poses first (often the beginning and end drawing of the action and some other
key moment between. Once the key poses are done, the breakdown and in between
drawings are added to fill the rest of the animation. Smoke, water and other
fluid elements are often animated using the straight-ahead technique. Actions
that require tight timing and structure are often animated with the
pose-to-pose technique. This method helps maintain a solid structure and
preserve the volume. Sometimes, when using the straight-ahead technique, it may
be difficult to calculate where the action will end up and the final drawing
may be out of proportion and not where it should be.
Question 11:
a) What is Anticipation? /1mrk
Anticipation
is the preparation for an action such as a jump or a punch
b) Give four examples of
anticipation /4mrks
•
Entire
body squashing down before jumping off a building
•
The
heel of the foot pressing down before a step
•
Mouth
compressing before opening to speak
•
An
eye blink before a head turn
https://www.animationmentor.com/blog/anticipation-the-12-basic-principles-of-animation/
SECTION
B: This section is composed by three (3) compulsory questions
/30mrks
Question 12: Describe 10 Design specifications for
any 2D animation.
Answer:
·
basic games
Make 2D game assets that are light
and interactive. Harmony offers the animation tools, flexibility and
performance you need to meet your game development needs. Draw artwork, rig and
animate cut-out characters, and easily export assets in a format that works for
your game engine.
·
Buttons
Buttons in Animate (formerly
Flash Professional) are symbols that contain four frames. Each frame of a button symbol represents a
different state for the button:
Up, Over, Down, and Hit. These states determine how a button visually behaves when the
mouse is rolled over it or when the user clicks the button
·
characters
Character animation is a specialized area of the animation process, which involves bringing animated characters to life. The role of
a Character Animator
is analogous to that of a film or stage actor, and character animators are often said to be "actors with a
pencil" (or a mouse).
·
illustrations
Illustrations are great. But you know
what's even better? Turning them into animations to make your videos (or
your website) look extra snazzy. With a few steps and the help of some tools
like Adobe Illustrator and After Effects, your illustrations will
be moving in no time
·
logos
Animated logo is a popular asset of marketing and brand identity.
Motion designers turn static logos into
something new and unique.
·
morphs
Morph target animation,
per-vertex animation, shape
interpolation, shape keys, or blend shapes is a method of 3D computer animation used together with
techniques such as skeletal animation
·
objects
Object animation is a form of stop
motion animation that involves the animated movements
of any non-drawn objects such as toys, blocks,
dolls, etc. which are not fully malleable, such as clay or wax, and not
designed to look like a recognizable human or animal character
·
puzzles
Animated Puzzles is a Jigsaw-style picture puzzle game with a challenging twist; animated puzzles! ... The game consists of several puzzles, each with its own unique
image. As you progress, the puzzles will
increase in difficulty by having more pieces.
·
simulated sequences
Computer simulation and animation are well known for
their uses in visualizing and explaining complex and dynamic events. They are
also useful in the analysis and understanding of these same types of events.
... Both use computer graphics and motion presented on a video screen.
·
text
You can animate a text object on the slide with an
entrance, emphasis, exit or motion path effects.
·
Titles and credits
A title sequence (also called an opening sequence or intro) is the method by which films or television programs present their title, and
key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and
sound.[1] It typically includes (or
begins) the text of the opening credits, and helps establish the setting
and tone of the program. It may consist of live action, animation, music, still
images, and/or graphics. In some films, the title sequence is preceded by
a cold
open.
Question 13: Explain the following term
a) Framing : framing
is the presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of
the subject in relation to other objects.
b) Lighting:
Light art or luminism is an applied art form in which light is the main medium
of expression. It is an art form in which either a sculpture produces light, or
light is used to create a "sculpture" through the manipulation of
light, colors, and shadows
c) Montage : the art or process of making a composite
picture by bringing together into a single composition a number of different
pictures or parts of pictures and arranging these, as by superimposing one on
another, so that they form a blended whole while remaining distinct. a picture
so made.
d) Narrative:
Narrative
art is art that tells a story, either as a moment in an ongoing story or as a
sequence of events unfolding over time. Some of the earliest evidence of human
art suggests that people told stories with pictures
e) Focal
point: Focal points are areas of interest, emphasis or difference within a
composition that capture and hold the viewer's attention.
f) Unity: Do all the parts of the
composition feel as if they belong together, or does something feel stuck on,
awkwardly out of place
g) Movement: There are many ways to give a
sense of movement in a painting, such as the arrangement of objects, the
position of figures, the flow of a river
h) Key
frames: is a single still image (frame) in an animated sequence that occurs
at an important point in that sequence. Key frame is always drawn or
constructed by the user.
i)Rotation : The
action of rotating object about an axis or Centre
j) Scale:
the
relative size of elements against each other can attract attention to a focal
point.
Question 14: Explain any 5 screening principles
used in 2D animation
Answer:
·
editing,
including basic transitions
Animation Editor is an
interactive tool for the graphical specification, presentation and modification
of the values of animation parameters
for computer facial models. ... One can perform editing operations - cut and paste operations, time- and
value scaling - on portions of curves and on sets of them
·
framing
framing is the
presentation of visual elements in an image, especially the placement of the
subject in relation to other objects.
·
lighting
Light art or luminism is
an applied art form in
which light is the main
medium of expression. It is an art
form in which either a sculpture produces light, or light is
used to create a "sculpture" through the manipulation of light, colors, and shadows
·
montage
the art or process of making a composite picture by bringing
together into a single composition a number of different pictures or parts of
pictures and arranging these, as by superimposing one on another, so that they
form a blended whole while remaining distinct. a picture so made.
·
Narrative
Narrative art is art that tells a story, either as
a moment in an ongoing story or as a sequence of events unfolding over time.
Some of the earliest evidence of human art suggests that people told stories with pictures.
·
story-telling
Story telling. A good and
well-presented story is successful in reaching its objective and remembered
long after over others. Reaching its listeners, holding the interest and
crossing all age barriers is the impact of an effective storytelling.
·
style/genre.
Genre art is the
pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday
life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and
street scenes. ... But history paintings are a genre in painting, not genre works.
SECTION
C: ATTEMPT ANY ONE QUESTION ON YOUR CHOICE
Question 15:a) Based on your knowledge in
animations, differentiate 2D and 3 D animations
2D
animations deal more with drawing and framing and are the base of 3D animation.
2D animators create frames to define a sequence that are then moved at varying
speeds to create the illusion of motion. Traditionally these were put together
in an amazing process where artists drew pencil drawings of every frame of
film, then these images were painted onto clear plastic sheets called ‗cels‘,
and each of the thousands of hand drawn and painted cels were photographed one
at a time over a hand painted background image and those thousands of images
compiled to run as film at 24 frames a second.
Today
most 2D animation involves using computer software to one degree or another,
from just digitally coloring the cels to be photographed in the traditional
method, to doing every single element in the computer.
3D
or three-dimensional animation has more depth and is more realistic. The
texture, lighting and color of the 3D objects are modified using software
programs. Film, advertising, video and gaming are the fast growing fields for
3D animation.3D allows you to do things that simply are not possible in 2D animation.
3D
objects, once modeled, can be treated almost as a physical object. You can
light it differently; you can move a camera to look at it from above, or below.
3D allows you to create realistic objects. You can use textures and lighting to
create objects that appear solid, and can even be integrated seamlessly into
live video elements.
b) On each type, state 5 examples
2D
Animation Examples
BugsBunny Daffy Duck ElmerFudd
SnowWhite The Jungle Book The LittleMermaid The Simpsons Family Guy SouthPark
3D
Animation Examples
ToyStory Shrek The Incredible Jurassic Park
The Transformers (therobots)
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum/Vocational/2018/Media_XI_821-Animator.pdf
Question 16: a) explains five animation
techniques used in 2D animation
Answer:
acceleration/deceleration
This means that the
rate of change for the animated property
is constant. ... For example, a value of 0.1 for a two-second animation would mean that the
rate of change increases for 0.2 seconds
audio
integration
Audio for Animation.
... In animation all
the sound is
completely invented in post a synthetic creation, manufactured out of raw
materials. The best sound design
is a hidden art, a seamless integration with
the moving image, existing in support of the story
hinges
and pivots
The parts are broken
into subgroups, each containing a pivot point
and parts to be rotated. These subgroups are then nested in order to make a
logical progression of animations,
resulting in a nested series of of groups with each rotating around a
specific pivot point
key
frames and tweens
Short for
in-betweening, the process of generating intermediate frames between two images
to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second
image. Tweening is a
key process in all types of animation,
including computer animation.
A key frame in animation and filmmaking is a drawing that defines the
starting and ending points of any smooth transition. ... A sequence of key frames defines which movement
the viewer will see,
whereas the position of the key frames on
the film, video, or animation defines
the timing of the movement.
morphing/object
exaggeration
2D Animation Principle The meaning
of exaggeration is in
general, obvious. However, the principle of exaggeration in animation does not mean arbitrarily distorting
shapes or objects or
making an action more violent or unrealistic.
motion
paths
The motion path is a line that
represents the spatial movement of
the tweened instance; its dots (sometimes called "tween dots" or
"frame dots") represent the target objects position along the path at frames on the timeline
either single frames, or groups of frames if you have a long tween span
selected.
registration
points
A symbol's registration point determines
it's stage placement, scale center and rotation point in ActionScript.
rotation
The action of
rotating object about an axis or Centre
speed/motion
blur.
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a
photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation
https://webneel.com/different-types-of-animation-styles
b) What
are the limitations of 2Danimation?
Answer:
•
Animation requires a lot of effort and
time to create. It works well from a technical perspective. But educators may
find it difficult to place it in their curriculum.
•
It cannot judge the level of every
student in a class. It becomes difficult to adapt to individual IQ levels. It
becomes easy for teachers to handle it with some technical knowledge know-how.
It might not fit in well for all.
•
The animation technology is created to
interact with the students. It cannot recognize the creative factor in the
batch of students. Some might be able to use it while others may not.
•
Animation technology uses more storage
and memory space. It uses more bandwidth and requires high speed and
uninterrupted internet connection
•
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